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Karafuto Prefecture
, commonly called South Sakhalin, was the Japanese administrative division corresponding to Japanese territory on southern Sakhalin island from 1905 to 1945.
Through the Treaty of Portsmouth, the portion of the island south of 50°N became a colony of Japan in 1905. In 1907 the prefecture of Karafuto was established, with its capital at Ōtomari (大泊, now Korsakov) in 1905 and later Toyohara (豊原, now Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk) in 1907. In 1945, with the defeat of Japan in World War II, Karafuto was occupied by Soviet troops and its Japanese administration ceased to function. Karafuto Prefecture was formally abolished as a legal entity on June 1, 1949. Since 1951, the southern part of Sakhalin has been a part of Sakhalin Oblast in the Soviet Union and Russia.
==Name==
The Japanese name comes from Ainu ''Kamuy Kar Put Ya Mosir'' (), which means "the island a god has created on the estuary (of Amur River)". It was formerly known as , meaning Northern Ezo (Ezo is the former name for Hokkaido). When Japanese administered the prefecture, ''Karafuto'' usually meant Southern Sakhalin only. For convenience, the northern part of the island was sometimes called .
In Russian, the entire island was named ''Sakhalin'' (Сахалин) or ''Saghalien''. It is from Manchu ''Sahaliyan Ula Angga Hada'', meaning "peak of the mouth of Amur River". The southern part was simply called ''Yuzhny Sakhalin'' (Южный Сахалин, "South Sakhalin"). In Korean, the name is ''Sahallin'' (사할린) or ''Hwataedo'' (화태도, 樺太島), with the latter name in use during Korea under Japanese rule.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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